Le Fono a le Setete i Netherlands: le Vaega o le Pule Fa'afoe ma le auala e fa'atino ai le apili maualuga

E masani ona tuai ona feiloa'i vaega mai fafo ma le Raad van State, ma le mea e sili ona tāua: ua uma ona faia le fa'ai'uga a le fa'amasinoga fa'aitumalo, ma o le fa'ai'uga mulimuli e patino i se fa'alapotopotoga e na'o le iloa e le to'atele o se fono faufautua i le Malo. O mea uma ia e lua. O lenei tusiga o lo'o fa'amatalaina ai le uiga o le Fono a le Setete, le mea e filifili i ai lana Vaega Pule Fa'afoe, pe fa'apefea ona iloa pe tatau ona i ai lau mataupu, ma pe fa'apefea ona fa'atino le apili maualuga.

Tasi le fa'alapotopotoga, lua galuega

O le Fono a le Setete (Raad van State) o se fa'alapotopotoga fa'avae e fa'avae i Le Hague. O le Tupu o lona Peresetene; o le taitaiga i aso ta'itasi e fa'alagolago i le Sui Peresetene, ma o ona sui - staatsraden - e tofia mo le olaga atoa e ala i le Poloaiga Fa'a-Alii. O lona fa'avae o le Wet op de Raad van State, ma e lua ona vaega o lo'o faia galuega eseese.

• O le Vaega Faufautua (Afdeling advisering) advises the Government and Parliament on legislation: bills, orders in council and treaties. It issues several hundred opinions a year, the great majority of them within three months; the exact figures are published in the Council of State annual report.
• O le Vaega o le Pule Fa'afoe (Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak) ose fa'amasinoga - o le fa'amasinoga maualuga fa'apulega lautele i Netherlands. E nofo i totonu o potu e tolu: Siosiomaga ma Fuafuaga (Omgevingskamer), General (Algemene kamer) ma Femalagaaʻi (Vreemdelingenkamer).

Na'o le lona lua e faia faaiuga i mataupu; a fai mai loia Holani “le Afdeling”, o lona uiga tonu lava lea.

Aiseā ua tuueseeseina ai nei mea e lua: le fesili i Strasbourg

E fesili tagata o loʻo faʻaaogaina le tulafono, ma le talafeagai, pe faʻapefea ona faʻamasinoina e se faʻalapotopotoga e fesoasoani i le tusiaina o le tulafono mataupu i lalo o lea tulafono. I le Procola v Luxembourg, na maua ai e le Faʻamasinoga a Europa mo Aia Tatau a Tagata se soliga o le Mataupu 6 o le Feagaiga a Europa i Aia Tatau a Tagata lea na faia ai e sui o le Luxembourg Conseil d'État se faʻatonuga i se tulafono na latou fautuaina muamua. O le tetee lava lea e tasi na faʻatatau i Netherlands i le Kleyn ma Isi v Netherlands , e mafua mai i le auala o nofoaafi uta a Betuweroute. E leʻi maua e le Faʻamasinoga se soliga i na mea moni, ae e leʻi tuʻuina atu i le faʻatulagaga se pepa faʻamaonia mama: o le popolega o tagata lava e tasi, i le fua tutusa, o loʻo fautuaina ma faʻamasinoina. O mataupu nei o le Procola v Luxembourg , ECtHR 28 Setema 1995, nu. 14570/89, ma Kleyn ma Isi v Netherlands , ECtHR (Grand Chamber) 6 Me 2003, nu. 39343/98.

The Netherlands did not wait to lose. The Wet op de Raad van State was amended so that advisory and judicial work sit in two formally separate divisions, with membership rules stopping anyone from judging a measure he or she advised on. That restructuring took effect on 1 September 2010. Since then the Wet op de Raad van State keeps the two divisions personally and functionally apart: a staatsraad is appointed to one division, and the rules on composition prevent anyone from sitting in judgment on a measure he or she advised on. The answer for a client is short: the judges hearing your appeal did not advise on the legislation, and the separation is statutory, not internal practice.

O le faaiuga a le Vaega o le Pule Fa'afoe

Apili maualuga faasaga i faaiuga a le faamasinoga itumalo

O le galuega autū a le Vaega o le hoger beroep against judgments of the district courts (rechtbanken). Title 8.5 of the Algemene wet bestuursrecht (Awb) sets the framework: art. 8:104 Awb says which judgments can be appealed, and art. 8:105 Awb makes the Division the appellate court unless a statute assigns the category elsewhere. That covers most administrative litigation — permits and enforcement, subsidies, sala tupe fa'apulega, requests under the Ulufale tatala susu, teena ma le alu ese.

Muamua ma le pau lava le faʻataʻitaʻiga

Mo se seti o mataupu ua fa'amatalaina, e leai se la'asaga o le fa'amasinoga fa'aitumalo: e alu sa'o le apili i le Vaega ma o lana fa'ai'uga o le fa'ai'uga muamua ma le fa'ai'uga mulimuli. O le vaega e pulea e fa'ai'uga tau si'osi'omaga ma fuafuaga o lo'o fa'aaogaina lautele - ae maise lava le omgevingsplan ma mea faigaluega tutusa i lalo o le Omgevingswet, o lo'o fa'amalosia talu mai le 1 Ianuari 2024 - fa'atasi ai ma fa'ai'uga tetele o galuega fa'atino ma nisi o natura ma pemita tau si'osi'omaga a le malo fa'aitumalo po'o le malo tutotonu. O le mafua'aga autu o le vave. O le fefa'ataua'iga o le tasi le fa'amasinoga ma le tasi le fa'ai'uga, o lea e tatau ai ona mae'a le mataupu i le taimi muamua.

Sulufaiga ma femalagaaiga

O femalagaiga o se vaega lava ia. O faaiuga a le IND e alu i le teteega pe sa'o i le faamasinoga faaitumalo e fai ma potu femalagaaiga, ma mai iina i le Ofisa o Femalagaiga a le Vaega. O le Vreemdelingenwet 2000 e suia ai tulafono masani i se auala tele: o vaitaimi o apili e pu'upu'u atu nai lo le ono vaiaso lautele, o nisi faaiuga e le aofia ai i le apili maualuga, ma e mafai e le Vaega ona faaleaogaina i ni mafuaaga puupuu pe a leai se fesili e uiga i le autasi faaletulafono, atinae po o le puipuiga e tula'i mai. O nei vaitaimi o lo'o i totonu o le mataupu 69 Vw 2000: fa vaiaso i mataupu masani, ma le tasi le vaiaso i faiga faanatinati o sulufaiga ma le teena o le ulufale atu i le tuaoi. O le Mataupu 84 Vw 2000 e pulea ai faaiuga e mafai e le Vaega ona tuua i fafo atu o le mafaufau, ma le Mataupu 91 Vw 2000 o le mafuaaga puupuu o se faateaina.

O fea o fa'amasinoga fa'apulega aupito maualuga e te umia?

E leai se faamasinoga sili tau pulega a Netherlands: e tolu faamasinoga e faaaogaina le pito i luga, ma e talia lafoga e le Hoge Raad.

E fa'apefea ona e iloa po'o fea o lo'o e i ai? Siaki e tolu, i le fa'asologa:

• Faitau le vaega pito i lalo o le fa'ai'uga po'o le fa'amasinoga. O faaiuga ma faamasinoga a Holani e iai se fa'atonuga o le fa'atulagaga faaigoaina o le faamasinoga, le vaitaimi ma le tuatusi. E sa'o lea i le tele o mataupu.
• Siaki le tulafono fa'atonutonu. O le pulega fa'aletulafono e mulimuli i le Tulafono lea na faia ai le fa'ai'uga. O le vaevaega o lo'o i totonu o le fa'asologa i le Awb e ta'ua o le Bevoegdheidsregeling bestuursrechtspraak, lea e fa mataupu: o le muamua o lo'o lisiina ai Tulafono e leai se apili e faia i ai; o le lona lua, o mataupu e o'o atu i fa'amasinoga fa'apitoa fa'apulega, le Centrale Raad van Beroep ma le College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven; o le lona tolu, o mataupu e faia i ai le fa'ai'uga e le Vaega o Pulega Fa'apulega i le fa'amasinoga muamua ma le na'o le pau lea; ma le lona fa, o tulafono fa'apitoa i le pulega fa'apulega ma le apili maualuga.
• Fa'atumu lava le faila pe afai ua latalata mai le aso e gata ai. Mata. 6:15 E manaʻomia e le Awb se faʻalapotopotoga poʻo se faʻamasinoga o loʻo mauaina se faʻaaliga sese le faʻatonuga e tuʻuina atu, ma o le aso na maua muamua ai e pulea ai le taimi atofaina. O se apili sese le faʻatonuga ae vave le taimi e masani ona sefe; o se apili tuai e le sefe.

O le faiga o apili maualuga

Faasilasilaga o le apili ma le aso e gata ai

O le vaitaimi e ono vaiaso (mataupu 6:7 Awb), e amata mai i le aso talu ona tuuina atu e le faamasinoga itumalo lana faaiuga (mataupu 6:8 Awb). O le faasilasilaga — le hogerberoepschrift — e tatau ona faamalieina le mataupu 6:5 Awb: igoa ma le tuatusi, aso, saini, faailoaga o le faaiuga o loo faasaga i ai le apili, ma mafuaaga. O se faasilasilaga ua lafoina i le taimi e faitaulia tusa lava pe taunuu mai pe a maeʻa le vaitaimi (mataupu 6:9 Awb). O le tuai ona failaina e matautia sei vagana ua mafai ona faamagaloina i lalo o le mataupu 6:11 Awb, o se faitotoa vaapiapi.

O se fa'aaliga fa'apitoa o se faiga masani ma e matua talafeagai lava: faila i totonu o le ono vaiaso e fa'ailoa mai ai o le a mulimuli mai mafua'aga. O le fa'amaoniga o le mauaina ona fa'atulaga lea o se vaitaimi e fa'aopoopo i le apili - e masani lava e fa vaiaso - ma le mataupu 6:6 Awb e fa'atagaina ai le le taliaina pe afai e le fa'aleleia le fa'aletonu i le taimi atofaina. Faaaoga e puipui ai le aso atofaina, ae le o le fa'atauina o le taimi.

Malae, puipuiga ma le faila

O le apili maualuga e fa'atatau i le fa'amasinoga a le fa'amasinoga fa'aitumalo, ae le o le fa'aiuga muamua: e tatau ona ta'u mai e fa'avae po'o le a le mea na sese ai le fa'amasinoga i lalo ma le mafua'aga. O le Mataupu 8 ​​o le Awb e fa'atatau tele i le tulaga muamua (mataupu 8:108 Awb). E faila e le pulega se fa'amatalaga o le puipuiga ma faila le mataupu i lalo o le mataupu 8:42 Awb. O se tagata tali e mana'o e osofa'ia vaega o le fa'amasinoga na tete'e i ai e tatau ona toe apili i lalo o le mataupu 8:110 Awb. E mafai ona faila pepa i le sefulu aso a'o le'i faia le fa'amasinoga (mataupu 8:58 Awb); o mea mulimuli ane e masani ona teena.

E lua tapula'a e maua ai tagata fou. O le Mataupu 8:69 Awb e fa'afeso'ota'i ai le fa'amasinoga i le finauga a'o fa'atulagaina e itu, o lea e masani ona leiloa ai se fa'avae e le'i laga. O le Mataupu 8:69a Awb e fa'aopoopoina ai le fa'atatauga: e le mafai ona fa'aaogaina se tulafono e se tasi e le'i tusia e puipuia - o se mataupu ola mo tagata tauva o lo'o lu'iina le pemita a se tauva.

Faamasinoga, potu faamasino ma le faamasinoga

Cases are heard by a single judge or by a multi-judge chamber, usually of three; the Division sets the composition itself and reserves single-judge treatment for straightforward cases. Single-judge hearings run about 30 minutes, three-judge hearings about 45. This is no occasion for a speech: the Division questions the parties on points taken from the file, and each side gets around five minutes to add what the file does not say. Assume they have read everything.

O le a mulimuli mai le faaiuga tusitusia i ni nai vaiaso mulimuli ane. O le tulafono lautele o le mataupu 8:66 Awb e ono vaiaso mai le faaiuga o le faamasinoga, e mafai ona faalauteleina faatasi i le ono vaiaso; o mataupu faigata o fuafuaga e umi atu, ma e taʻu atu e le Vaega i itu e lua po o afea e tatau ona faia ai le faaiuga. O vaitaimi faatelevaveina o le Crisis-en herstelwet muamua ua mitiia i totonu o le Omgevingswet ma aiaiga o loo i ai faatasi ma le Awb, o lea ua tuuina atu ai nei e le mataupu 8:66 Awb le faavae mo le faalauteleina i na mataupu.

Fesoasoani le tumau: e masani lava o le faaiuga e taua

E lē taofia e se apili le faaiuga ua lu’iina; o le mataupu 8:106 Awb o lo’o fa’apea mai mo le tele o vaega i apili maualuluga. Afai e fa’atagaina e se pemita le amata o galuega, e mafai ona amata le galuega — ma a o’o i le taimi e taunu’u mai ai le fa’amasinoga ua leai ni la’au pe ua fa’atūina le fale. O le mea lea, o le fesoasoani le tumau e masani lava o le malae taua moni lea.

O se talosaga mo se fuafuaga fa'avaitaimi ( voorlopige voorziening ) i lalo o le mataupu 8:81 Awb e alu i le peresitene o le Vaega fa'atasi ai ma le apili pe a mae'a. E mana'omia ai se apili o lo'o fa'atali ma se aia tatau fa'anatinati, ma e faia se fa'ai'uga i luga o se paleni o aia tatau ma se va'aiga fa'avaitaimi o itu taua. O le fesoasoani e masani ona taofia ai le fa'ai'uga se'ia o'o i le fa'amasinoga; e tatau ona totogi se totogifuapauina fa'amasino ese. Afai ua mae'a le mataupu, o le mataupu 8:86 Awb e tu'uina atu i le fa'amasino le fa'ai'uga o le apili autu i le taimi lava lena, o lea ia sauni e finau atoatoa i itu taua i lena fa'amasinoga. Afai e fa'atagaina e le fa'ai'uga ni la'asaga e le mafai ona toe fa'afo'isia, faila le talosaga fa'atasi ma le apili, ae le o se taimi mulimuli ane.

O le a le mea e mafai ona fai e le Vaega i le apili

• Tuʻua — e leai se faavae o le apili ma e tumau pea le faaiuga a le faamasinoga itumalo.
• Fa'ailoa mai e le taliaina — o se faaletonu o le taimi, tulaga, totogifuapauina po o le faatulagaga.
• Faaleaogaina ma faia le faaiuga i le mataupu lava ia. I lalo o le mataupu 8:113 Awb e mafai e le Vaega ona faaleaogaina le faaiuga ma tuuina atu le faaiuga e tatau ona tuuina atu e le faamasinoga itumalo, e faaaoga ai le pule o le mataupu 8:72 Awb: faaleaogaina le faaiuga, poloaina se faaiuga fou, tuu pea aafiaga faaletulafono o le faaiuga ua faaleaogaina, pe sui lana lava faaiuga.
• Faʻamavaega — mataupu 8:115 Ua fa'atagaina e le Awb le mataupu e toe fo'i i le fa'amasinoga fa'aitumalo, e fa'aaogā fa'aeteete ma e masani lava pe a faia e le fa'amasinoga se fa'ai'uga muamua e aunoa ma le o'o atu i itu taua.

I le va o le faaleaogaina ma le faaleaogaina o le mataupu o loo i ai le taamilosaga fa'apulega ( bestuurlijke lus ), faatufugaga 8:51a i le 8:51d Awb. Afai e iloa e le Vaega se faaletonu e mafai ona togafitia - o se suesuega ua misi, mafuaaga le lava, se aafiaga e le'i iloiloina - e mafai ona faia se faaiuga i le va o le pulega e tuuina atu ai i le pulega se vaitaimi faatulagaina e toe faaleleia ai, ona faia lea o se faaiuga mulimuli i le faaiuga ua toe faaleleia. E masani lava i mataupu fuafuaina ma suia ai auala: o le manatu o le finauina o se faaletonu e le o taimi uma e faaleaogaina ai ae o se toe faaleleia e le sao mai le iloiloga.

O nei mea uma e faʻaaogaina ai le mataupu faavae o le faʻaiʻuga ( definitieve geschilbeslechting ): e faʻamoemoeina faʻamasinoga e faʻamutaina le feeseeseaiga nai lo le toe auina atu mo se isi taʻamilosaga o le faia o faʻaiuga ma se isi apili. E faʻamoemoe o le a uunaʻia e le Vaega itu uma e lua i le iloiloga i le mea e tatau ona tupu pe a manuia le apili, ma ia sili atu le fiafia i le iʻuga e tapunia ai le faila.

A maeʻa le faʻamasinoga: leai se apili, ma le mea o totoe

O le fa'ai'uga a le Vaega e fa'ai'u: leai se fa'asalaga i le Hoge Raad, leai se isi apili a Holani. O le mea o totoe e vaapiapi. O le toe teuteuga ( herziening ) i lalo o le mataupu 8:119 Awb e fa'aoga pe afai o lo'o iai fa'amatalaga moni a'o le'i faia le fa'ai'uga, e le mafai ona iloa e le tagata talosaga, ma semanu e maua ai se i'uga ese - ae le o se auala mo se finauga e sili atu. E mafai ona faia se talosaga i le Fa'amasinoga a Europa o Aia Tatau a Tagata pe a uma togafitiga fa'alotoifale; e le toe tatalaina ai le fa'ai'uga a Holani ae e ono o'o atu ai i se fa'ai'uga fa'asaga i le Setete. O se talosaga fou i luga o fa'amatalaga ua suia e masani ona sili atu ona moni, ma e mafai ona sailia ni fa'aleagaina i lalo o le mataupu 8:88 Awb pe afai o se fa'ai'uga ua fa'aleaogaina na mafua ai le leiloa.

Faasinomaga muamua i le Faamasinoga o Faamasinoga

I le avea ai ma faʻamasinoga mulimuli, e tatau i le Vaega ona tuʻuina atu fesili e uiga i tulafono a le EU i le Faʻamasinoga o le Iuni a Europa pe a manaʻomia se tali ae le o manino. E masani ona faia lea mea i iloiloga o le siosiomaga, puipuiga o le natura, auaunaga ma mataupu tau sulufaʻi. E tatau ona faia se talosaga i le fanua, e ui o se faasinomaga e faaopoopo atu i le silia ma le tausaga.

Tau, fa'atusa ma le gagana

Totogi a le Faamasinoga. A court fee (griffierecht) is due in every case, and a separate one for a request for interim relief. Three things fix the amount: whether the appellant is a natural person or a legal entity; whether the Division is hearing a higher appeal (art. 8:109 Awb) or sitting at first and only instance; and whether the subject matter falls in one of the listed categories, such as certain benefit matters and small administrative fines, for which natural persons pay a reduced rate. The amounts are set by law and adjusted with effect from 1 January each year, so the rate that applies is the one in force when the notice of appeal is received. The current table is published by the Rechtspraak and repeated in the letter the Division sends on receipt. Pay in time: art. 8:41 Awb makes late payment a ground for inadmissibility, and art. 8:114 Awb provides for repayment where the appellant succeeds.

Poloaiga tau. Mataupu 8:75 Awb e faʻatagaina ai se poloaiga tau, ae e le tuʻuina atu e Netherlands ni totogifuapauina faʻaletulafono moni i mataupu faʻapulega. O le toe faʻaleleia e faʻatinoina i luga o le fuafuaga o le fua faatatau tumau o le Besluit proceskosten bestuursrecht: togi mo laʻasaga faʻatino e pei o le faʻasilasilaga o le apili ma le faʻamasinoga, faʻateleina i se aofaʻiga faʻatulagaina i togi taʻitasi ma se fua faʻatatau mamafa. O le aofaʻi i togi taʻitasi e faʻatulagaina e le Besluit proceskosten bestuursrecht ma faʻasino i tausaga taʻitasi, o lea o le fua faatatau talafeagai o le fua faatatau lea o loʻo faʻamalosia i le taimi o le faʻasalaga. O le iʻuga o se sao, e masani lava o se vaega itiiti o se pili faʻaletulafono faʻapisinisi.

Sui. E lē o se mea e faamalosia ai se loia. O le Mataupu 8:24 Awb e faatagaina ai se itu e auai e auai pe ala i se sui ua faatagaina e lē tau avea ma se loia, ma e ono manaomia e le faamasinoga se faatagaga tusitusia. Afai e nofo le Vaega i le faamasinoga muamua ma le na o le pau lea, o le sui o oe lava ia e lē lava le tamaoaiga: tasi le faamasinoga, tasi le faamasinoga, leai se avanoa lona lua.

Gagana. O fa'amasinoga o lo'o faia i le gagana Holani (mataupu 2:6 Awb), sei vagana ai se tuusaunoaga fa'atapula'a mo le gagana Frisian, ma o pepa i se isi gagana atonu e mana'omia se fa'aliliuga. E mafai ona fa'atulaga se fa'aliliuupu mo se vaega e le tautala i le gagana Holani — o se mea masani i le Ofisa o Femalagaaiga — ma e tatau ona talosagaina i se taimi umi a'o le'i faia le fa'amasinoga. O le fa'avae e le o le mataupu 8:28 Awb ae o le Vaega 8.1.6 Awb, mataupu 8:33 i le 8:36 Awb: mataupu 8:33 Ua fa'amalosia e le Awb molimau e auai, mataupu 8:34 Ua pulea e le Awb tagata tomai fa'apitoa, ma mataupu 8:36 Ua fa'aoga e le Awb na aiaiga e tusa ai ma fa'aliliuupu.

O le ā le umi e alu ai se mataupu

Durations differ sharply between chambers, and the Division publishes its own figures each year in the Council of State annual report. Across all cases the average was 36 vaiaso i le 2025, e fa'atusatusa i le 34 vaiaso i le 2024 ma le 30 vaiaso i le 2023. O mataupu taua, e le aofia ai le fesoasoani fa'avaitaimi, e averesi i le 45 vaiaso i le 2025.

E sili atu le tāua o le potu faamasino nai lo le averesi. Mo mataupu taua i le 2025, o averesi na lolomiina e 73 vaiaso i le Ofisa o le Siosiomaga ma Fuafuaga ( Omgevingskamer ), 61 vaiaso i le Ofisa o le Aoao ( Algemene kamer ) ma le 23 vaiaso i le Ofisa o Femalagaaiga ( Vreemdelingenkamer ). O le fesoasoani le tumau e vave tele ona faia se faaiuga: 10, 6 ma le 3 vaiaso. O le aga masani i galuega fuafuaina e sese le auala - o le fuainumera o le Ofisa o le Siosiomaga ma Fuafuaga na siitia i le sefulutasi vaiaso i le tausaga e tasi.

O averesi ia, ae le o ni galuega faatino. E vave atu talosaga mo femalagaaiga i le mamanu; o le fuafuaina o mataupu faatasi ai ma faamaoniga a tagata tomai faapitoa, o se taamilosaga faalepulega po o se faasinomaga muamua e sili atu nai lo le averesi a le potu faamasino. O se manatu fuafuaina moni mo se talosaga maualuga e finauina o le tele o masina o fesuiaiga tusitusia, o se faamasinoga i ni nai masina mulimuli ane, ma le faamasinoga i le ono i le sefululua vaiaso talu ona maeʻa lena.

Law & More acts for businesses, institutions and private clients before the Administrative Jurisdiction Division: higher appeal against a district court judgment, first-and-only-instance appeals against planning and environmental decisions, and requests for interim relief where work would otherwise start. Because these deadlines are short and the grounds must be complete, please contact us as soon as a judgment or decision arrives rather than once the period has run.